Endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp. as a source of 3-nitropropionic acid with larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus 1762, Diptera: Culicidae)

ABSTRACT Background: Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of viruses, such as Zika, chikungunya, yellow fever, and dengue. In this context, a biomonitored chemical study was conducted to evaluate the activity of the crude extract of the endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp. against the larvae of Aedes aegypti. Methods: Crude extract, fractions, and isolated substances were evaluated in in-vitro assays against third-stage larvae of Aedes aegypti. Results: We isolated 3-nitropropionic acid with an LC50 of 15.172 ppm and LC90 of 18.178 ppm after 24 hours of larval exposure. Conclusions: The results indicated that 3-nitropropionic acid exerted larvicidal activity.

Oxidative stress induction by crude extract of Xylaria sp. triggers lethality in the larvae of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

ABSTRACT Background: Aedes aegypti is currently controlled with synthetic larvicides; however, mosquitoes have become highly resistant to these larvicides and difficult to eradicate. Studies have shown that insecticides derived from fungal extracts have various mechanisms of action that reduce the risk of resistance in these mosquitoes. One possible mechanism is uncontrolled production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the larvae, which can cause changes at the cellular level. Thus, the crude extract of Xylaria sp. was evaluated to investigate the oxidative effect of this extract in A. aegypti larvae by quantifying the oxidative damage to proteins and lipids. Methods: The larvicidal potential of the crude extract of Xylaria sp. Was evaluated, and the extract was subsequently tested in human lung fibroblasts for cytotoxicity and ROS production. ROS level was quantified in the larvae that were killed following exposure to the extract in the larvicide test. Results: The crude extract of Xylaria sp. Caused cytotoxicity and induced ROS production in human lung fibroblasts and A. aegypti larvae, respectively. In the larvicide trial, the extract showed an LC50 of 264.456 ppm and an LC90 of 364.307 ppm, and was thus considered active. The extract showed greater oxidative damage to lipids and proteins, with LC90 values of 24.7 µmol MDA/L and 14.6278 ×10-3 nmol carbonyl/ mg protein, respectively. Conclusions: Crude extracts of Xylaria sp. induced oxidative stress that may have caused the mortality of A. aegypti larvae.

Cuidado a famílias com pessoas em condições crônicas na atenção primária à saúde: revisão integrativa / Cuidado a familias con personas en condiciones crónicas en la atención primaria a la salud: revisión integradora / Care for families with people with chronic conditions in primary health care: integrative review

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar o cuidado a famílias com pessoas em condições crônicas na Atenção Primária à Saúde, por meio de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Método: Trata-se de revisão integrativa que incluiu artigos publicados no período de 2010 a 2020, identificados nas bases de dados: Literatura Internacional em Ciências da Saúde, Literatura Latino Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde e Banco de Dados em Enfermagem. Foram utilizados descritores "atenção primária à saúde" AND "família" AND "doenças crônicas" e "atenção primária à saúde" AND "condições crônicas" AND "cuidado". Resultados: Emergiram categorias temáticas: Promoção da Saúde na perspectiva do cuidado às famílias com pessoas em condições crônicas; Relação entre família de pessoas em condições crônicas e profissionais de saúde; e Potencialidades e desafios para a efetivação do cuidado às famílias com pessoas em condições crônicas. A promoção da saúde surgiu como ferramenta do cuidado, destacando-se a visita domiciliar. Evidenciaram-se fragilidade de aproximação das equipes de saúde com as famílias, prevalência do ideário curativista e acesso fragilizado aos serviços de saúde. Considerações finais: Os achados deste estudo são importantes para Enfermagem para fomento de políticas públicas voltadas ao cuidado das famílias com pessoas em condições crônicas na Atenção Primária à Saúde.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar el cuidado a familias con personas en condiciones crónicas en la Atención Primaria de Salud, por medio de una revisión integradora de la literatura. Método: se trata de una revisión integradora que incluyó artículos publicados en el período de 2010 a 2020, identificados en las bases de datos: Literatura Internacional en Ciencias de la Salud, Literatura Latino Americana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud y Banco de Datos en Enfermería. Fueron utilizados descriptores "atenção primária à saúde" AND "família" AND "doenças crônicas" y "atenção primária à saúde" AND "condições crônicas" AND "cuidado". Resultados: surgieron categorías temáticas: Promoción de la Salud en la perspectiva del cuidado a las familias con personas en condiciones crónicas; Relación entre familia de personas en condiciones crónicas y profesionales de salud; y Potencialidades y desafíos para la realización del cuidado a las familias con personas en condiciones crónicas. La promoción de la salud surgió como herramienta del cuidado, destacándose la visita domiciliaria. Se evidenciaron fragilidad de aproximación de los equipos de salud con las familias, prevalencia del ideario curativista y acceso debilitado a los servicios de salud. Consideraciones finales: los hallazgos de este estudio son importantes para la Enfermería para el fomento de políticas públicas dirigidas al cuidado de las familias con personas en condiciones crónicas en la Atención Primaria de Salud.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify care for families with people with chronic conditions in Primary Health Care, through an integrative literature review. Method: This is an integrative review that included articles published from 2010 to 2020, identified in the databases: International Literature in Health Sciences, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences and Database in Nursing. The keywords "primary health care" AND "family" AND "chronic diseases" and "primary health care" AND "chronic conditions" AND "care" were used. Results: Thematic categories emerged: Health Promotion from the perspective of caring for families with people with chronic conditions; Relationship between family of people with chronic conditions and health professionals; and Potentials and challenges for effective care for families with people with chronic conditions. Health promotion emerged as a care tool, with emphasis on home visits. There was a weakness in the approximation of the health teams with the families, the prevalence of the curative ideology and weakened access to health services. Final considerations: The findings of this study are important for nursing to promote public policies aimed at the care of families with people with chronic conditions in Primary Health Care.